The California Gold Rush brought the first Euro-American settlements into the area in the early 1850s, including at Yreka, California and Upper Soda Springs. The Siskiyou Trail was on the track of an ancient trade and travel route of Native American footpaths between California's Central Valley and the Pacific Northwest. Mount Shasta seen from south of Weed, Californiaīeginning in the 1820s, Mount Shasta was a prominent landmark along what became known as the Siskiyou Trail, which runs at Mount Shasta's base. This name was apparently dropped, and the name Shasta was transferred to present-day Mount Shasta in 1841, partly as a result of work by the United States Exploring Expedition. An 1839 map by David Burr lists the mountain as Rogers Peak. In 1827, the name "Sasty" or "Sastise" was given to nearby Mount McLoughlin by Ogden. Īlthough perhaps first seen by Spanish explorers, the first reliably reported land sighting of Mount Shasta by a European or American was by Peter Skene Ogden (a leader of a Hudson's Bay Company trapping brigade) in 1826. Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program says that the 1786 eruption is discredited, and that the last known eruption of Mount Shasta was around 1250 AD, proved by uncorrected radiocarbon dating. Īt the time of Euro-American contact in the 1820s, the Native American tribes who lived within view of Mount Shasta included the Shasta, Okwanuchu, Modoc, Achomawi, Atsugewi, Karuk, Klamath, Wintu, and Yana tribes.Ī historic eruption of Mount Shasta in 1786 may have been observed by Lapérouse, but this is disputed. The oldest-known human settlement in the area dates to about 7,000 years ago. Three of the smaller named glaciers occupy cirques near and above 11,000 ft (3,400 m) on the south and southeast sides, including the Watkins, Konwakiton, and Mud Creek glaciers. The Whitney Glacier is the longest, and the Hotlum is the most voluminous glacier in the state of California. There are seven named glaciers on Mount Shasta, with the four largest ( Whitney, Bolam, Hotlum, and Wintun) radiating down from high on the main summit cone to below 10,000 ft (3,000 m) primarily on the north and east sides. This is the largest glacial valley on the volcano, although it does not now have a glacier in it. Mount Shasta's surface is relatively free of deep glacial erosion except, paradoxically, for its south side where Sargents Ridge runs parallel to the U-shaped Avalanche Gulch. If Shastina were a separate mountain, it would rank as the fourth-highest peak of the Cascade Range (after Mount Rainier, Rainier's Liberty Cap, and Mount Shasta itself). The mountain consists of four overlapping dormant volcanic cones that have built a complex shape, including the main summit and the prominent and visibly conical satellite cone of 12,330 ft (3,760 m) Shastina. ![]() ![]() The mountain has attracted the attention of poets, authors, and presidents. On a clear winter day, the mountain can be seen from the floor of the Central Valley 140 miles (230 km) to the south. Shasta rises abruptly to tower nearly 10,000 feet (3,000 m) above its surroundings. Mount Shasta is connected to its satellite cone of Shastina, and together they dominate the landscape. The mountain and surrounding area are part of the Shasta–Trinity National Forest. Mount Shasta has an estimated volume of 85 cubic miles (350 cubic kilometers), which makes it the most voluminous stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc. At an elevation of 14,179 feet (4,321.8 meters), it is the second-highest peak in the Cascades and the fifth-highest in the state. Mount Shasta ( / ˈ ʃ æ s t ə/ SHASS-tə Shasta: Waka-nunee-Tuki-wuki Karuk: Úytaahkoo) is a potentially active volcano at the southern end of the Cascade Range in Siskiyou County, California.
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